What are the common types of fractal antennas？

With the development of wireless communication technology and the popularization of mobile communication terminal equipment, especially in recent years, people’s urgent demand for miniaturized, multi-band and the integrated antenna have made antenna technology fully developed. However, the traditional antenna geometry is based on Euclidean geometry design. Though, with the continuous development of antenna technology appeared microstrip antenna, a low profile, lightweight, low cost, with all kinds of carrier conformal, suitable for printed circuit board production technology, easy to realize circular polarization and dual-polarization, and the advantages of dual-band, but the fatal flaw is narrow band, which limits its wide application. Therefore, it is urgent to use new theories and methods to explore the design of modern antenna and solve the problems and contradictions in the traditional antenna design. It is found that a fractal antenna with better size and frequency band index can be designed by applying fractal geometry to antenna engineering.

The formation of the fractal antenna is mainly produced by iteration, which makes the fractal antenna have self-similarity. For example, the equilateral triangle is equally divided into four small triangles, the middle one is cut out, and the remaining three small triangles are equally cut out of the middle one. Such infinite progress will lead to the Sierpinski Gasket composed of an infinite number of line segments with the area approaching zero and the length of side increasing. As shown in figure 2, its fractal dimension is ln3/ln2.

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